What action can a patient take if they believe their PHI has been improperly disclosed?

When a patient believes their Protected Health Information (PHI) has been improperly disclosed, filing a complaint with the covered entity is a critical and appropriate course of action. Covered entities, as defined by HIPAA, include healthcare providers, health plans, and healthcare clearinghouses that handle PHI. By filing a complaint, the patient alerts the organization to the potential violation and initiates an internal investigation. This step is fundamental because it provides the covered entity with the opportunity to address the issue, rectify any improper disclosures, and implement measures to prevent future occurrences.

Engaging directly with the covered entity is usually the first step outlined in HIPAA regulations for individuals seeking to address concerns related to their PHI. Through this process, the covered entity is required to have a defined mechanism for managing privacy complaints and can respond accordingly to the patient's concerns.

Other options, while they may seem relevant in distinct situations, do not address the specific process established by HIPAA for resolving issues related to the improper release of PHI. For instance, reporting to law enforcement may be necessary under certain circumstances, but typically reflects more severe breaches that involve criminal activity rather than simply an improper disclosure. Contacting a healthcare provider via social media does not follow the proper channels for privacy complaints and risks