What type of organization is a "business associate" under HIPAA?

A "business associate" under HIPAA refers to an organization or individual that performs certain functions or activities on behalf of a covered entity that involves the use or disclosure of protected health information (PHI). This could include services such as data analysis, billing, or information technology support. Essentially, a business associate supports the operations of the covered entity while handling sensitive health information, which is why they are obligated to comply with HIPAA regulations in order to safeguard that information.

Regulatory agencies and government health programs, although they may interact with covered entities, do not typically fall under the definition of a business associate. Moreover, a healthcare provider treating a patient is usually considered a covered entity rather than a business associate, as they are directly involved in providing medical services rather than supporting them. Thus, the relationship defined under option A captures the essence of what a business associate is within the context of HIPAA compliance.