Which entity is responsible for conducting compliance reviews related to HIPAA?

The entity responsible for conducting compliance reviews related to HIPAA is the Office for Civil Rights (OCR). The OCR, which operates under the Department of Health and Human Services, is specifically tasked with enforcing HIPAA rules and regulations. This includes ensuring that covered entities and business associates comply with privacy and security provisions.

When compliance violations are reported or identified, the OCR conducts investigations and compliance reviews to determine whether entities are adhering to the mandated standards for protecting patient information. This oversight role is crucial for maintaining the integrity of health information and ensuring that individuals' health data remains confidential and is protected from unauthorized access.

While the Department of Health and Human Services oversees various health-related initiatives, and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention focuses primarily on public health and disease control, these entities do not handle compliance reviews specific to HIPAA. The Office of the Inspector General primarily investigates fraud, waste, and abuse within the healthcare system rather than focusing specifically on HIPAA compliance. Thus, the OCR's dedicated role in enforcing HIPAA makes it the correct choice for this question.